Tetenal Automatic Fixer

Tetenal Automatic Fixer quantity

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Description

Tetenal Automatic Fixer Product Information

Tetenal X-Ray Fixer Replenisher is used for machine processing of x-ray films. It is supplied as a 2 part universal fixer and replenisher and is suitable for the processing of all medical, industrial radiographic and imaging films.

• Low level sulphur dioxide emission from working solution
• Optimised replenishment rates
• Compatible with similar chemical systems
• Very clean working.

Supplied in packs to make 2 x 20 Litre of working solution.

Tetenal Automatic Fixer Temperature and Fixing Time

The Tetenal automatic fixer temperature does not influence the fixing speed to such a remarkable extent that the developer temperature affects development time, but generally speaking fixing time decreases with an increase in fixer temperature. It is necessary to adjust the Tetenal automatic fixer temperature to within close range of the developer temperature to within close range of the developer temperature to avoid temperature differential related detrimental effects on the emulsion.

Fixing requires twice the time that elapses from the moment the film is immersed in the fixer solution to the time the milky emulsion becomes completely transparent. If the fixing time is inadequate, the film retains some insoluble salts (complex silver thiosulphate compounds). If they are allowed to remain, they will slowly decompose and attack the image, causing it to discolour and fade. Even if the fixing time is to exceed the clearing time by twice, the quality of the processed radiographs will not be adversely affected. It is therefore recommended that longer fixing times be used even at the risk of exceeding by twice the film clearing time so as to provide a safeguard against discolouration and image fading. On the other hand, however, if the film is allowed to remain in the fixer solution for too long a time, the density of the image will decrease and the film will acquire a brown colour. Granularity may also be impaired depending on the circumstances. Care should be exercised to ensure that films are not left in the fixing bath for too long a time or forgotten.

 

Fixing Capacity of Tetenal Automatic Fixer

Customarily, the Tetenal automatic fixer solution is not replenished and as such used until exhausted beyond use. As it is used, its fixing capacity decreases to a point at which the time required for the film to clear is increased by twice the time required with fresh fixer solution. When this critical state has been reached, the fixer solution should be replaced. If this limit is exceeded, proper fixation will not be accomplished even if the film is allowed to remain in the fixer solution longer than twice the clearing time. Further such practice will result in image discolouration or fading.

When a solution of ammonium thiosulphate is used as a fast-acting fixer not only is the film cleared in a shorter time but twice the fixing capacity of ordinary fixer solutions is made available. The fixing capacity of ordinary fixer solutions is made available. The fixing capacity limit is apt to be exceeded more easily with fast-acting fixer solutions because the time to clear is short, even when twice the fixing time needed by a fresh solution is required. However, as the use of exhausted fixers will cause discolouration or image fading, such should be avoided.

As film after film carries the processing solution of the preceding step into the fixing bath, the fixer solution exhausted in time. The amount of processing solution carried on the film exerts a significant effect on the strength of the fixer solution. The smaller the carry-over the less the Tetenal automatic fixer solution will be degraded. If film is to be drained thoroughly, it must be held out of solution for a long time and such exposure to air brings with it the risk of discolouration. Films wet with any of the processing solutions should not be allowed to remain in contact with the air for longer than 10 seconds.

When films are transferred time and again directly from the developer solution into the fixing bath, the hardening capacity of the fixer solution decreases rapidly so that films are easily scratched or longer than normal drying times are required after washing. Furthermore, under these conditions development may proceed even in the fixing bath, leading to dichroic fog and even fixation. in such cases it is necessary to replace the fixer solution even before complete exhaustion has taken place.

Take a look at the Tetenal Automatic Developer, to be paired with the Tetenal Automatic Fixer.